Not with any major studio, for a number of reasons.
The first major reason is the media environment is much different now – Orson Welles was very very “hot” at the time from his work on radio and stage acting and producing stage plays. But hot is, again, relative… there were a handful of radio networks, only 8 movie studios, and most regional newspapers leveraged a lot of stories/content from the major papers in the Northeast. Orson was incredibly adept at getting publicity for himself, and made himself very well known at a time when there weren’t 1/100th of the “celebrities” that exist today. He was, effectively, a big fish in a small pond – Weight joke unintended.
Second, movies are very expensive things, and were back then as well… but, compared to the costs of making movies now, moviemaking back then wasn’t nearly as expensive in relative terms. The cheapest movies today are still more expensive than some of the biggest movies back then, calculating for inflation. Having an unproven director have “final cut” on a movie that was even a low-budget film today would not happen because it’s a lot more money “at risk.”
Finally, studios today are part of large multinational entertainment companies, and are publicly held corporations – if news that, say, Paramount was hiring an uncredited director and giving him final cut – well, ‘the street’ might sell shares of Paramount, and drive the stock price down. Again, too risky.
So Orson was at the right place, at the right time, and (thankfully) also was smart about it. He surrounded himself with talent both behind and in front of the camera. This canny move – knowing he had never done a movie before, and surrounding himself with the best people who HAD and COULD – brought us Citizen Kane.